Beiträge von Steve_mt

Zitat von nobi

Hello fungi,

I am always thrilled when a newbie starts this forum with a request for LBMs, ie the "Little Brown Mushrooms", affectionately also known as the "Little Browns"! Seasoned mycologists often need years before they dare to approach these difficult to identify fungi!

Hats off! == Pilz24

Pablo has already said everything about the possible species.

LG, Nobi

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nobi_†: So true, but then a genus name is already very good for newbies .

@ Fungi : Agree with the above, there are quite some Psathyrellaceae in the bunch. For better expectations, ideally you post species pre post and take several pics from different angles including scent. In several other fora or social media you want be helped from such a photo.

Thanks! On examining carefully, some had short stipes. Maybe the sudden climate change (warmth in car) and then home resulted in a slightly abnormal formation. Many thanks!

Comparison:

<i>Diderma hemisphaericum</i> - Schijfvormig kalkschaaltje | Johan Dierckx - Diversitas Naturae

I found an interesting myxomycete, rather abundant on fallen leaves of Juglans regia and few other exotic trees. Initially, they looked like small flour sacks or pouches, quite large (2mm perhaps), and quite cute. On further development, there were some slimy droplets oozing (maybe damaged during transport) and finally, they solidified into irregular flattened disks and dehisced in a particular way. Must be a Diderma sp. and maybe globosum or more likely D. hemisphaericum. However, the latter should be distinctly stalked! On careful examination, the myxocarps were subsessile (neither distinctly stipitate nor sessile). For me, it looks more like hemisphaericum unless there are other species that I have not considered. I am aware micro is needed but for this I might be lucky to decrease the workload!

I was about to write that 3g/100mL = 3% is too concentrated (usually literature suggests 1%). I opt for 0.8% in my preparation and see if it works well.

And just for fun, I found a thesis on colours of Congo Red written in 1927 by Robert S. Radcliffe.

RICE1273.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

Thanks Andreas and Andreas

Thank you Andreas, what % is the Ammonia, around 10% maybe?

I am preparing new solution from the powder now, that Congo Red is strange.

I take the long cut, I dissect and put the section in congo red. Leave for a minute or so, then I absorb the extra stain with a cotton bud or kitchen roll strips and add plenty of 3%KOH and wash the dissection in it (sometimes leave it to stand for another minute if the tissue is robust/hard). Then I pick the washed section and place it in a drop of KOH+Glycerol mixture, sometimes a dissect further in smaller pieces and space them out. I place the cover slip over, press with a rubber over tissue paper and ready to go. The glycerol mixture prevents the slide from drying.

Cheers

The one on the right is Congo Red Powder C.I. 22120 dissolved in water and filtered (I asked my friend who gave it to me) and remains red in KOH. Actually, when searching for my stuff, I just realised that I have bought a bottle and forgot about it - so at least this post was very beneficial !!! The one on the left was bought a few months ago from a commercial Lab Supplies and they provided it as a solution (1%). Well, I can make my own Congo Red solution from 22120... I guess 1% is a good concentration or a bit less is better? Since my Lab is home-based I prefer to avoid Ammonia.

P.s. Does it really expires 🤷‍♀️😁 ?

Hi guys, tomorrow I show you a video of what's happening. Thank you so much for your replies. I am a bit more relaxed with regards toxicity. The other (old) congo red do form some minute crystals and I know the notorious feeling under the microscope. Sometimes it goes away by heating it in water bath at 70C until water cools down gradually

I have had a stock of Congo Red donated by a friend and recently I bought a new stock from a local Lab supplies shop. The second one is a different kind!

In alkaline solution, it becomes purple and somewhat leaches out stain when a stained section is placed in clean KOH.

Are there different types of Congo Red because I may buy again this time from abroad.

Another point, it is really toxic and carcinogenic? Sometimes my fingers are stained and then I nibble my nails! : blow:

Dear Uwe, I just wrote this morning to Unite / Estonia and I see what they are gonna tell me. I will keep you informed with everything. Thank you for your help and I see no objection on sharing the sequence with serious colleagues like your kind self. I have no experience with the sequencing of fungi so I am glad to read your offer of helping.

Apart this I have other fungi that are crying for sequencing such as a Cosmospora (?) sp. [ Cosmospora species , Central Mediterranean region - Forum ASCOFrance] and a Talaromyces growing specifically on Washingtonia seeds. [ https://mushroomobserver.org/262509 ]

I would love to hug that fluffy brown Scottish 'buffalo / ox ' Thanks for sharing

Lovely!!! Thank you and I agree re sequencing - I check both and maybe start from the Estonian but 30 Eur is not much. I may submit a larger sample size (I have a Cosmospora that is really hard to determine) to the spanish Lab later.

Im happy in this forum

The stem is very hairy throughout, and I have most (the essential) micro data too (spores, paraphyses and asci). I read that latispora has a smooth / smoothish stem.

I recently found dozens of Helvella sp. which would correspond to a new record for the island of Gozo and most likely the whole archipelago. It was growing from very damp and shaded ground coved with Juglans leaves (and some twigs). I read the teeth on the lower surface is characteristic for the species, hence my determination to Helvella ephippium. Is it common in central and south Europe?

I see, so the infractus group can be confirmed at least! I wanted to add info (micro) perhaps it can lead to a narrower selection within the group. Ok then.

Who do you think would be interested to follow a DNA analysis?

Is a dry specimen enough to sequence or it has to be subcultured on special agar?

Or to put in different ways, what can I do to sequence it? (with my own budget)

Thanks.

Pileipellis: two layers (maybe only the upper is the true pellis). The outermost (suprapellis) a trichoderm of interwoven curved/ worm-shaped hyphae, 3-6um wide with rounded apices (very slightly inflated) and several clamp junctions.

Below lies the subpellis composed of wider and shorter hyphae, tubular or cylindrical in shape, with less frequent clamp junctions, 10-15(-17) um wide.

Spores: Pip shaped, subglobular to broadly ovate, heavily waited showing shadow-lines under the x100 oil immersion, apiculum distinct, central, elongated. Germ pore absent, but there is a discontinuous wall at the apiculum (I don't think it can be considered a sa germ pore ?!). Quite variable in size and sometimes shape , few are elongated and longer (+2.5 um above the average length). Inamyloid but wall seems to be dextrinoid.

Spores: Pip shaped, subglobular to broadly ovate, heavily warted showing shadow-lines under the x100 oil immersion, apiculum distinct, central, elongated. Germ pore absent, but there is a discontinuous wall at the apiculum (I don't think it can be considered a sa germ pore?!). Quite variable in size and sometimes shape (few are elongated and longer (+2.5 um above the average).

Cheilocystidia: If I have observed correctly, they are quite indistinct as expected for this genus, cylindrical, sometimes curved, do not stain very well in Congo red, rare. Same size of basidia (maybe I have observed basidiomes). Pleurocystidia not observed (or rare and missed)

Basidia: Rectangular-clavate, with a subtruncate apex, flexuose (curved), many with few to several oil bodies, in my opinion mostly 2-sterigmate, some 3- a few 4- (?), Sterigmata 3 um, horn- shaped, length 23-29 µm.

Basidia: Rectangular-clavate, with a subtruncate apex, flexuose (curved), many with few to several oil bodies, in my opinion mostly 2-sterigmate, some 3- a few 4-(?), sterigmata 3 um, horn-shaped, length 24-29um.

Lamella: Adnate to sub-decurrent, convex, cinnamon brown but it turns purplish-brown when bruised of wettened (eg in mount). I don't know if this is characteristic. Edge indifferent from face.

Dear all, I am very excited about this find. Many mycologist thrived to find the first Cortinarius from Malta. I spent the whole afternoon checking the microscopical features yesterday for a determination, and here i find some suggestions already.

T aste : It was incredibly bitter, I had to spit it out the small nibble I took.

Cuticle: The debris of soil and leaves stuck on the cuticle indicate that it was viscous when young. The stipe seem to be not. The colour was pale yellow, like straw changing to light cinnamon with age... so maybe it was paler when young.

Reactions: Iodine no reaction on cap or flesh; 4% KOH - slow reactions, slightly dark brown with a hint of olive-green hue on cap after 20 mins. Faster reaction with 10% KOH and somewhat more pronounced olive-green hue (tested on drying cap); 4% KOH on flesh gave a pale greyish-beige colour.

Zitat von boccaccio

Hi Stephen,

that smut sounds like an interesting find! I don't have any particular literature on smuts in the Mediterranean area, but a quick Google search revealed that there are at least three rusts on Lygeum. One species of Ustilago that seems to infect the flowers and two species of Tranzscheliella that form like a brown band of spores around the stem of the grass.

Björn

Hello Björn,

I have managed to find two photos of the infected plants but not of the spores and microscopical images. Must be Ustilago according to host specificity. If the infection is persistent, I can fetch samples this April and work on it together. I am under the impression (now I am not so sure!) that there was smuts on a nearby wheat or barley field but it can also be another species. Photos from Gnejna area (mt), 60-80m asl, April 2017.